Practical guide · England

Therapy types explained in plain English

A practical introduction to common talking-therapy approaches and the questions worth asking before treatment starts.

The name is less useful than understanding the plan

Different services offer different therapies for different problems. Ask what the therapy is trying to change, what sessions normally involve, whether there is work between sessions, how long a course usually lasts, and how progress will be reviewed.

CBT

Cognitive behavioural therapy commonly looks at links between thoughts, feelings and behaviour and often involves practising skills or tasks between sessions.

Counselling and other talking therapies

Some approaches place more emphasis on exploring feelings, relationships, experiences or patterns over time. Specialist therapies may be offered for particular conditions. The important thing is to understand why a particular option has been suggested for you.

Shared decisions matter

You should be given information about treatment options, including benefits and drawbacks, and be involved in decisions. Ask what alternatives exist if the proposed approach does not feel right or is not helping.

Make the appointment easier to use

Put the things you do not want to forget into one private note before you go.

Open appointment prep →

Trusted source

NHS / NHS England guidance ↗

General information, not a diagnosis or personal treatment plan. Exact pathways and options vary. Reviewed 8 September 2026.